Keep calm and nobody explodes tropes
By the end of the century, French and English keep designs began to diverge: Philip II of France built a sequence of circular keeps as part of his bid to stamp his royal authority on his new territories, while in England castles were built without keeps.
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Stone keeps carried considerable political as well as military importance and could take up to a decade or more to build.ĭuring the 12th century, new designs began to be introduced – in France, quatrefoil-shaped keeps were introduced, while in England polygonal towers were built. The Anglo-Normans and French rulers began to build stone keeps during the 10th and 11th centuries these included Norman keeps, with a square or rectangular design, and circular shell keeps. As a result of the Norman invasion of 1066, use spread into Wales during the second half of the 11th century and into Ireland in the 1170s.
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The first keeps were made of timber and formed a key part of the motte-and-bailey castles that emerged in Normandy and Anjou during the 10th century the design spread to England, south Italy and Sicily. Scholars have debated the scope of the word keep, but usually consider it to refer to large towers in castles that were fortified residences, used as a refuge of last resort should the rest of the castle fall to an adversary.
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A reconstruction of York Castle in the 14th century, showing the castle's stone keep (top) overlooking the castle bailey (below)Ī keep (from the Middle English kype) is a type of fortified tower built within castles during the Middle Ages by European nobility.